Nanosciences and nanotechnologies are fast developing domains with great potential, both in terms of improving the quality of life of all people and of creating wealth though novel knowledge-based and sustainable processes. The goal is to foster the potential nano-technologies in breakthrough applications through the integration of research developments in materials and technological devices in an industrial context. The development of new, higher performance “nano-enabled” services, products, components, devices, systems and processes still requires long term research efforts. The availability of up-to-date information and the development of realistic scenarios are key elements for elaborating possible forms and scope for the intervention of public funds. This area is clearly linked with section 3.4.4.