Objective "Nervous systems have undergone remarkable diversification in their structure and function as animals have adapted to distinct ecological niches. What are the genetic mechanisms underlying neural circuit evolution? The project addresses this fundamental question in the Drosophila olfactory system, a superior ""evo-neuro"" model for several reasons: (i) as in mammals, the Drosophila olfactory system has a modular organization, with individual olfactory receptors functionally and anatomically defining discrete sensory circuits that can be traced from the periphery to the brain; (ii) these circuits are dynamically evolving, with frequent acquisition (and loss) of receptors, olfactory neurons and odor-evoked behaviors with the ever-changing landscape of environmental volatiles; (iii) Drosophila offers unparalleled experimental accessibility to visualize and manipulate neural circuits; (iv) a wealth of insect genomes permits comparative studies to relate intra- and interspecific genotypic and phenotypic variation. Five aims address distinct aspects of olfactory circuit evolution: 1. Evolution of receptor specificity; 2. Evolution of receptor expression; 3. Evolution of sensory neuron targeting; 4. Evolution of interneuron wiring; 5. Evolution of olfactory behavior. This multidisciplinary project uses cutting-edge approaches in comparative genomics, electrophysiology, neurogenetics, transcriptomics, behavioral tracking and population genetics. By addressing how particular olfactory circuits and behaviors have evolved in Drosophila, it will provide general insights into the genetic mechanisms of nervous system evolution relevant both for other brain regions and for other species. We also anticipate that determining how brains have been sculpted through random mutation and natural selection in the past may enable future directed manipulation of the connectivity and activity of neural circuits, to enhance our understanding of brains and our ability to repair them." Fields of science natural sciencesbiological sciencesneurobiologynatural sciencesbiological sciencesgeneticsmutationnatural sciencesbiological scienceszoologymammalogynatural sciencesbiological sciencesgeneticsgenomes Programme(s) FP7-IDEAS-ERC - Specific programme: "Ideas" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013) Topic(s) ERC-CG-2013-LS5 - ERC Consolidator Grant - Neurosciences and Neural Disorders Call for proposal ERC-2013-CoG See other projects for this call Funding Scheme ERC-CG - ERC Consolidator Grants Host institution UNIVERSITE DE LAUSANNE EU contribution € 1 999 920,00 Address Quartier Unil-Centre Bâtiment Unicentre 1015 Lausanne Switzerland See on map Region Schweiz/Suisse/Svizzera Région lémanique Vaud Activity type Higher or Secondary Education Establishments Administrative Contact Annick Crevoisier (Ms.) Principal investigator Richard Roland Benton (Prof.) Links Contact the organisation Opens in new window Website Opens in new window Total cost No data Beneficiaries (1) Sort alphabetically Sort by EU Contribution Expand all Collapse all UNIVERSITE DE LAUSANNE Switzerland EU contribution € 1 999 920,00 Address Quartier Unil-Centre Bâtiment Unicentre 1015 Lausanne See on map Region Schweiz/Suisse/Svizzera Région lémanique Vaud Activity type Higher or Secondary Education Establishments Administrative Contact Annick Crevoisier (Ms.) Principal investigator Richard Roland Benton (Prof.) Links Contact the organisation Opens in new window Website Opens in new window Total cost No data