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SOLUTION ADAPTIVE NAVIER-STOKES SOLVERS WITH GRID DECOUPLED UPWIND SCHEMES AND MULTIGRID ACCELERATION

Exploitable results

The AEROTRACE project provides a substantial amount of quantitative data on aircraft engine emissions of particulates, nitrogen species and hydrocarbons which will contribute to the following: a more complete modelling of engine exhaust plume chemistry; incorporation of trace species into atmospheric chemical models; a better understanding of the impact of aircraft emissions on climate. Line losses and mechanisms have been defined and will allow those making intrusive measurements of particulates to correct for line losses. A correlation between particle volume and the traditional scanning Auger electron (SAE) method was found. Particle numbers were found to be dependent on operating conditions but particle size distribution was found to be relatively constant and independent of operating conditions. A good correlation was found for nitrogen oxides and nitric acid against Tau (combustor parameter). However no correlation was found for nitrous acid. Nitrous acid and nitric acid both gave a good correlation with nitrogen dioxide but the levels found for these two species were low although it is known that the subsequent formation of nitrous acid and nitric acid in the plume is higher. A high proportion of the totals are in the form of low molecular weight unsaturated hydrocarbons or carbonyls, the most abundant carbonyl being formaldehyde. As expected hydrocarbon levels are strongly dependent on engine thrust with significant amounts being emitted at idle conditions. Change of fuel type influences the hydrocarbon levels but not the carbonyl levels.

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