During the second reporting period, trans4num progressed from conceptual development and piloting towards integrated implementation, cross-scale analysis, and early synthesis of NBS for sustainable nutrient management. Activities across all work packages (WP1–WP6) were conducted in a coordinated and mutually reinforcing manner, ensuring alignment between empirical experimentation, socio-economic analysis, modelling, stakeholder engagement, and dissemination.
Key achievements include:
• Consolidation of the project’s conceptual and methodological framework for NBS transformation pathways (WP1), supported by updated guidance for stakeholder engagement and interdisciplinary integration.
• Continuation and expansion of long-term NBS field experiments across four European sites and multiple Chinese regions, generating harmonised evidence on soil health, nutrient cycling, productivity, and emissions (WP2).
• Development and pilot testing of a decision-support tool (DST) for nutrient management, informed by stakeholder feedback and tested in real-world contexts (WP3).
• Advancement of modelling frameworks, including pilot agent-based and food-system models, enabling exploration of adoption dynamics, trade-offs, and transition pathways across scales (WP4).
• Strengthened communication, dissemination, and stakeholder engagement, including policy briefs, practice abstracts, hackathons, and international events, enhancing uptake and visibility of project results (WP5).
• Effective project coordination and data governance, ensuring timely delivery, compliance with open science requirements, and smooth Europe-China collaboration (WP6).
RP2 marks a clear transition from exploratory work to integration, positioning the project for synthesis and impact delivery in the final reporting period.
