Organic seed and plant breeding to accelerate sustainable and diverse food systems in Europe

Información del proyecto

LIVESEEDING

Identificador del acuerdo de subvención: 101059872

DOI

10.3030/101059872

Fecha de la firma de la CE 2 Junio 2022

Fecha de inicio 1 Octubre 2022

Fecha de finalización 30 Septiembre 2026

Financiado con arreglo a

• Food, Bioeconomy Natural Resources, Agriculture and Environment

Coste total

€ 5 078 490,23

Aportación de la UE

€ 4 683 630,24

Coordinado por

FIBL EUROPE - FORSCHUNGSINSTITUTFUR BIOLOGISCHEN LANDBAU IN EUROPA
Belgium

CORDIS proporciona enlaces a los documentos públicos y las publicaciones de los proyectos de los programas marco HORIZONTE.

Los enlaces a los documentos y las publicaciones de los proyectos del Séptimo Programa Marco, así como los enlaces a algunos tipos de resultados específicos, como conjuntos de datos y «software», se obtienen dinámicamente de OpenAIRE .

Resultado final

Documents, reports (11)

Compilation of policy briefs on enabling strategies to promote organic seed and plant breeding covering different aspects - batch 1 (contains 2 policy briefs)

Batch 1 (contains 2 policy briefs).[T4.4]

Compilation of dissemination and communication materials (M24)

List of dissemination and communication materials.[T7.1]

Report on communication strategies, new narratives and science-based data on ecological, societal and economic benefits of organic breeding

Report on communication strategies, new narratives and science-based data on ecological, societal and economic benefits of organic breeding.[T6.1]

Data Management Plan (M06)

First version of the Data Management Plan.[T8.3]

Proposed protocols for adjusted DUS and VCU for OVs of selected crop species in the scope of the temporary EU experiment on OV

This report will describe the protocols for adjusted DUS and VCU for OVs developed in the context of T2.2.[T2.2]

Report on financing and governance models for organic breeding initiatives

Report on financing and governance models for organic breeding initiatives.[T5.2]

Manual about integrating organic seeds and breeding in local sustainable and healthy food policies

Manual about integrating organic seeds and breeding in local sustainable and healthy food policies.[T6.2]

Guidelines for OHM notification

This report will present a toolbox to assess OHM heterogeneity, adaptability and performance for breeders and national authorities.[T2.1]

Data Management Plan (M36)

Second version of the Data Management Plan.[T8.3]

Practice Abstracts - batch 1 (contains 5 practice abstracts)

"End-user material will be produced in the form of summaries for practitioners in the EIP common format (""practice abstracts"").[T7.1]"

Report on bottlenecks and opportunities for the horizontal proliferation and scaling-up of the organic seeds and cultivar testing network

Report on bottlenecks and opportunities for the horizontal proliferation and scaling-up of the organic seeds and cultivar testing network.[T5.1]

Demonstrators, pilots, prototypes (2)

Platform for on-farm cultivar testing in EU accessible on web and mobile app stores

The adapted version of SeedLinked is available on the market.[T2.4]

Updated and improved roadmap/decision tree to reach 100% organic seed

Updated and improved roadmap/decision tree to reach 100% organic seed. [T4.2]

Websites, patent fillings, videos etc. (5)

Training material on healthy, high-quality seed

A collection of materials produced for LIVESEEDING training on organic seed to be made available online.[T3.5]

Training materials on organic plant breeding

A collection of materials produced for LIVESEEDING training in organic breeding to be made available online.[T1.4]

Training materials on organic cultivar testing

A collection of materials produced for LIVESEEDING training on organic cultivar testing to be made available online.[T2.5]

LIVESEEDING project website and social media

LIVESEEDING project website and social media are are available online.[T7.1]

Training materials for train the trainers in reaching 100% organic seed

A collection of materials produced for LIVESEEDING policy related training to be made available online.[T4.5]

Other (1)

Digital tool for the notification, traceability of OHM seed

Digital tool for the notification, traceability of OHM seed available on online.[T3.1]

Publicaciones

Conference proceedings (33)

Setting up a Participatory Breeding Programme for OHMs Within Two Regional Organic Cooperatives

Autores: Goldringer, Isabelle, Estelle Serpolay, Vincent Lefevre, Jean-Marc Le Goff, Jean-Pierre Bouchet, Louise Gerossier, Emma Del Rey, Grégoire Rouyer
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: EUCARPIA Scientific Conference on Breeding to Meet Environmental and Societal Challenges, 170–71. Coimbra, Portugal, 26-28 May 2025., 2025
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17738817

Evaluation of Capsicum pepper landraces under sustainable farming and deficitary irrigation: Yield, fruit weigth and carotenoids

Autores: Jiménez Pérez, Marisa, Roberto JUAN-MÉNDEZ, Adrián BERENGUER GARCIA, Mireia ROMANS-ESCRIVÁ, Estela Moreno-Peris, ANA FITA, María Dolores Raigón Jiménez, Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo.
Publicado en: "Book of Abstracts: 23rd International Conference ""Life Sciences for Sustainable Development"", 222. Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 26-28 September 2024.", 2024
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17734382

Participatory Development of Organic Heterogeneous Materials in Tomato in Spain and Portugal: Specific Adaptations and Opportunities for Wide Adaptation

Autores: Jiménez Pérez, Marisa, André Pereira, Maria Pallardo Maravilla, Rafaela Neves, Joao Rebimbas, Mireia Romans Escrivá, Pedro Mendes-Moreira, Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo.
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: EUCARPIA Scientific Conference on Breeding to Meet Environmental and Societal Challenges, 209–10. Coimbra, Portugal, 26-28 May 2025., 2025
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17749087

Towards More Resilient Production of Capsicum Peppers: Developing Organic Heterogeneous Materials Based on Composite Cross Populations, Initial Stages

Autores: Jiménez Pérez, Marisa, Roberto JUAN-MÉNDEZ, Adrián BERENGUER GARCÍA, Estela Moreno-Peris, ANA FITA, e Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo
Publicado en: "Book of Abstracts: 23rd International Conference ""Life Sciences for Sustainable Development"", 223. Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 26-28 September 2024.", 2024
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17734897

Evaluation of Tomato Traditional Varieties (solanum Lycopersicum) for Drought Tolerance Under Organic Farming Conditions

Autores: Ortega Albero, Neus, Marisa Jiménez Pérez, Alicia Iborra López-Milla, Maria Pallardo Maravilla, Estela Moreno-Peris, ANA FITA, Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: EUCARPIA Scientific Conference on Breeding to Meet Environmental and Societal Challenges, 92–93. Coimbra, Portugal, 26-28 May 2025., 2025
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17736691

Exploratory evaluation of a composite cross population of peppers under organic farming.

Autores: Jiménez Pérez, M., Romans Escrivà, M., Hinojal Vicente, E., Adalid-Martínez, A. M., Moreno-Peris, E., Díaz Riquelme, M., de Luis Margarit, A., Pallardo Maravilla, M., San Bautista, A., FITA, A.,
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: EUCARPIA Scientific Conference on Breeding to Meet Environmental and Societal Challenges, 88–89. Coimbra, Portugal, 26-28 May 2025., 2025
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17736065

Combining Local Knowledge and Data: A Collaborative Effort to Evaluate Traditional Maize Landraces for Sustainable Farming

Autores: Mendes-Moreira, Pedro, André Pereira, Alexandre Penincheiro, André Matos, Maria Isabel Dinis, e Daniela Santos
Publicado en: "Book of Abstracts: EUCARPIA General Congress ""Global Challenges for Crop Improvement"", 14. Leipzig, Germany, August 18-23, 2024", 2024
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17790065

Effect of the Fruit Phenological Stage on Germination of Capsicum Peppers. Wax Pepper as a Case of Study

Autores: Solbes Garcia, Eva, Ana de Luis, ANA FITA, e Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo
Publicado en: "Book of Abstracts: 23rd International Conference ""Life Sciences for Sustainable Development"", 235. Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 26-28 September 2024.", 2024
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17735056

Development and validation of molecular markers tagging anthracnose resistance in white lupin (Lupinus albus, L.)

Autores: András Patyi, Michael Schneider, Christine Arncken, Monika M Messmer, Grit Schwertfirm, Günther Schweizer, Mariateresa Lazzaro
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: 16th International Lupin Conference, Rostock, Germany , Rostock, Germany, 19 - 23 June 2023, 2023
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.11391363

Effect of Drought on the Content of Antioxidants on Peppers Landraces Under Mediterranean Conditions

Autores: Pallardo Maravilla, Maria, Marisa Jiménez Pérez, Mireia ROMÁNS-ESCRIVÁ, Estela Moreno-Peris, Estela Moreno-Peris, ANA FITA, Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo
Publicado en: "Book of Abstracts 24rth International Conference ""Life Sciences for Sustainable Development"", 286. Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 25-27 September 2025.", 2025
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17747503

Development of Organic Heterogeneous Materials in Salad Tomatoes: Preliminary Phases of Evaluation Based on Yield and Quality of Starting Populations

Autores: Berenguer-García, Adrián, HERNÁNDEZ-MESEGUER, David, Marisa Jiménez Pérez, Ana María Adalid-Martínez, Ana Fita, Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo
Publicado en: "Book of Abstracts: 23rd International Conference ""Life Sciences for Sustainable Development"", 207. Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 26-28 September 2024", 2024
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17734180

40 Years of Participatory Plant Breeding in Portugal. The Vaso Program

Autores: Mendes-Moreira, Pedro, Maria Carlota Vaz Patto, André Pereira, Maria Isabel Dinis, Daniela Santos, João Mendes Moreira, e Silas Pego
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: EUCARPIA Scientific Conference on Breeding to Meet Environmental and Societal Challenges, 224–25. Coimbra, Portugal., 2025
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17737409

Assessing Traditional Rye Varieties for Organic Agriculture. Triadic Versus Agronomic Characterization

Autores: Pereira, André, Rafaela Neves, João Rebimbas, Maria Isabel Dinis, Pedro Mendes-Moreira
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: EUCARPIA Scientific Conference on Breeding to meet environmental and societal challenges , Coimbra, Portugal, 2025
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17737670

Organic From The Start – Why Does It Matter? Benefits And Costs Of Organic Heterogeneous Material In Organic Wheat Cultivation

Autores: Sander, Marlene, Bettina Bussi, Matteo Petitti, Mariateresa Lazzaro, Claudia Meier
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: EUCARPIA Scientific Conference on Breeding to Meet Environmental and Societal Challenges, 65–66. Coimbra, Portugal, 26-28 May 2025., 2025
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17751632

Uporaba NGS tehnik pri žlahtnjenju rastlin: analiza heterogenosti barve semen pri kompozitnih populacijah navadnega fižola (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Autores: Plestenjak, Eva, Mohamed Neji, Vladimir Meglic, Barbara Pipan
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: NEW CHALLENGES IN AGRONOMY 2025 SYMPOSIUM PROGRAM AND SUMMARIES, 76-77. Laško, Slovenia. ISBN: 978-961-94613-4-1, 2025
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17750785

Evaluation of the Germination Rate of Pepper Traditional Varieties (capsicum Annuum L.) After Thermotherapy Disinfection Treatments

Autores: Solbes Garcia, Eva, Ana de Luis, Marisol Arnedo, M Angeles Muñoz, Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: EUCARPIA Scientific Conference on Breeding to Meet Environmental and Societal Challenges, 211-212. Coimbra, Portugal, 26-28 May 2025., 2025
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17736881

From Field to Fork: Consumer Preferences Guiding Ideotype Selection for Tomato

Autores: Pereira, André, Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo, Goreti Botelho, Maria Isabel Dinis, Pedro Mendes-Moreira
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: EUCARPIA Scientific Conference on Breeding to Meet Environmental and Societal Challenges, 218–19. Coimbra, Portugal, 26-28 May 2025., 2025
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17748840

Comparative Evaluation of Pepper Landrace Performance and Stakeholder Perception in Organic and Agroforestry Systems

Autores: Pereira, André, Alexandre Penincheiro, André Matos, Rosa Guilherme, Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo, Pedro Mendes-Moreira
Publicado en: "Book of Abstracts: EUCARPIA General Congress ""Global Challenges for Crop Improvement"" 132. Leipzig, Germany, August 18-23, 2024", 2024
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17790366

Comparative Study of Spanish Tomato Heirlooms Under Organic Farming in the Mediterranean Coast of Spain

Autores: Berenguer-García, Adrián, Marisa Jiménez Pérez, David HERNÁNDEZ MESEGUER, María PALLARDO-MARAVILLA,, Ana María Adalid-Martínez, Ana Fita, Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo
Publicado en: "Book of Abstracts: 23rd International Conference ""Life Sciences for Sustainable Development"", 208. Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 26-28 September 2024.", 2024
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17733523

LiveSeeding project - Insights into the opportunities and bottlenecks in organic seed and plant breeding sector

Autores: Dora Maricic, Ana-Marija Spicnagel
Publicado en: 59th Croatian & 19th International Symposum on Agriculture, Dubrovnik, Croatia, Book of Abstracts, 2024, ISSN 2459-5551
Editor: Zenodo
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11391089

A marker asszisztált szelekció integrálása a fehér csillagfürt ökológiai nemesítésébe Svájcban

Autores: Patyi, András, Christine Arncken, Monika M. Messmer, Michael Schneider, Miriam Kamp, Sebastian Kussman, Mariateresa Lazzaro
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: XXX. Növénynemesítési Tudományos Napok, 51. Martonvásár, Hungary. ISBN: 978-963-8351-50-0, 2024
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17699584

Organic breeding of white lupin for regionally produced, plant-based protein foods in Switzerland

Autores: Christine Arncken, Monika M Messmer, Ursula Kretzschmar, Miriam Kamp, Sebastian Kussmann, András Patyi, Mariateresa Lazzaro
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: XVI. International Lupin Conference 2023, Rostock , Rostock, Germany, 19.- 23.6. 2023, 2023
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.11391248

Fostering Organic Seed Production and Use in the European Union

Autores: Schäfer, Freya
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: ECOBREED Organic Breeding Conference. Ljubljana, Slovenija, 17 - 19 January 2024., 2024
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.14185456

Exploring Genetic Diversity and Seed Coat Colour Variation in Composite Populations of Common Bean Using Whole Genome Sequencing

Autores: Plestenjak, Eva, Vladimir Meglic, Mohamed Neji, Barbara Pipan
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: EUCARPIA Scientific Conference on Breeding to Meet Environmental and Societal Challenges, 18–19. Coimbra, Portugal, 26-28 May 2025., 2025
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17738565

Development of Organic Heterogeneous Materials in Peppers: Effects of Selection on Yield and Fruit Weigh

Autores: Pallardo Maravilla, Maria, Marisa Jiménez Pérez, María Dolores Raigón Jiménez, Carles CORTES-OLMOS, ANA FITA, Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo
Publicado en: "Book of Abstracts: 24rth International Conference ""Life Sciences for Sustainable Development"", 285. Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 25-27 September 2025.", 2025
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17747191

Molecular Breeding Approaches to Support Organic White Lupin Breeding in Switzerland

Autores: Patyi, András, Miriam Kamp, Christine Arncken, Michael Schneider, Monika M. Messmer, Mariateresa Lazzaro
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: EUCARPIA Scientific Conference on Breeding to Meet Environmental and Societal Challenges, 75–76. Coimbra, Portugal, 26-28 May 2025., 2025
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17751310

Rice Diversity from Seed to Fork: a Living Lab for Organic Rice in Northern Italy. Journal of Integrated Field Science

Autores: Matteo Petitti, Giuseppe De Santis, Salvatore Ceccarelli, Rachele Stentella, Michele Salvan, Bettina Bussi, Riccardo Bocci and Daniela Ponzini
Publicado en: Journal of Integrated Field Science, Edición 21, 2024
Editor: Integrative Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, at Tohoku University, Japan
DOI: 10.50974/0002002001

White Lupin Breeding: Integrating Phenotypic Selection Under Organic Conditions with Marker Assisted Selection

Autores: Lazzaro, Mariateresa, András Patyi, Michael Schneider, Miriam Kamp, Sebastian Kussman, Grit Schwertfirm, Günther Schweizer, e Monika M. Messmer
Publicado en: "Book of Abstracts: EUCARPIA General Congress – ""Global Challenges for Crop Improvement"" , Leipzig, Germany, 18-23 August, 2024.", 2024
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17699004

Sensory Analysis in a Participatory Selection of Tomato Landraces Under Low Input Cultivation: Keys for Consumers' Acceptance

Autores: Ortega Albero, Neus, Ana María Adalid-Martínez, Mireia Romans-Escrivà, ANA FITA, e Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo.
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: EUCARPIA Scientific Conference on Breeding to Meet Environmental and Societal Challenges, 90–91. Coimbra, Portugal, 26-28 May 2025., 2025
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17736356

Preliminary evaluation of a set of pepper cultivars (capsicum annuum l.) combining organic management and reduced irrigation

Autores: Jiménez Pérez, M., Moreno Peris, E., Hinojal Vicente, E., Adalid-Martínez, A. M., Díaz Riquelme, M., Iborra López-Milla, A., Romans Escrivà, M., Pallardo Maravilla, M., Boscaiu, M., FITA, A., R
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: EUCARPIA Scientific Conference on Breeding to Meet Environmental and Societal Challenges, 61–62. Coimbra, Portugal, 26-28 May 2025, 2025
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17736220

Tomato Breeding for Drought Tolerance

Autores: Pires, Patricia, Jorge Baptista, Michael Groeneweg
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: EUCARPIA Scientific Conference on Breeding to Meet Environmental and Societal Challenges, 128–29. Coimbra, Portugal, 26-28 May 2025., 2025
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17738059

Unlocking the Potential of Portuguese Traditional Maize Varieties for Sustainable Agriculture: A Path to Collective Empowerment

Autores: Pereira, André, Rafaela Neves, Alexandre Penincheiro, ANDRÉ MATOS, Maria Isabel Dinis, Pedro Mendes-Moreira
Publicado en: Book of Abstracts: X Congresso Internacional De Agroecologia, 1225–26. Viseu, Portugal, 2-6 September 2024., 2024
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17750200

Study of the Age of Seeds on Germination in Vegetables. Capsicum Peppers as an Example

Autores: Solbes Garcia, Eva, Ana de Luis, Monica Boscaiu, Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo
Publicado en: "Book of Abstracts: 23rd International Conference ""Life Sciences for Sustainable Development"", 236. Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 26-28 September 2024.", 2024
Editor: n.a.
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17735364

Peer reviewed articles (7)

Evaluation of New Alfalfa Genotypes for Forage, Quality and Seed Yield Potential under Different Field Trials

Autores: Mihaela Popa, Maria Schitea, Elena Petcu, Eugen Petrescu, Șerban Cătălin Dobre, Victor Petcu
Publicado en: Romanian Agricultural Research, Edición 41, 2024, ISSN 1222-4227
Editor: Institutul Național de Cercetare Dezvoltare Agricolă Fundulea
DOI: 10.59665/RAR4146

The Effect of Aspergillus flavus on Seedling Development in Maize

Autores: Isabella Mazzoleni; Elena Novarina; Yuki Michelangelo Zerlottin; Tommaso Bardelli; Mauro Dal Prà; Mattia Zuffada; Matteo Cremonesi; Luca Antonietti; Romana Bravi; Pier Giacomo Bianchi; Anna Pia Maria
Publicado en: Plants, 2025, ISSN 2223-7747
Editor: MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/PLANTS14071109

Recovering res communis from res propia: how does open source seed contribute to farmers’ seed rights and breeding for diversity?

Autores: Raquel Ajates; Riccardo Bocci; Shalini Bhutani; Almendra Cremaschi; Jack Kloppenburg; Johannes Kotschi; Georie Pitong; Patrick Van Zwanenberg; Daniel Wanjama
Publicado en: Agriculture and Human Values, 2025, ISSN 1572-8366
Editor: Springer
DOI: 10.1007/S10460-025-10777-2

Identification of a new QTL associated to reduced quinolizidine alkaloid content in white lupin (Lupinus albus, L.) and development of ultra-low alkaloid recombinants by stacking with the pauper allel

Autores: András Patyi, Miriam Kamp, Christine Arncken, Elisa Biazzi, Michał Książkiewicz, Monika M. Messmer, Michael Schneider, Aldo Tava, Mariateresa Lazzaro
Publicado en: BMC Plant Biology, Edición 25, 2025, ISSN 1471-2229
Editor: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI: 10.1186/S12870-025-06951-7

Genomic insights into genetic diversity and seed coat color change in common bean composite populations

Autores: Eva Plestenjak, Mohamed Neji, Lovro Sinkovič, Vladimir Meglič, Barbara Pipan
Publicado en: Frontiers in Plant Science, Edición 15, 2025, ISSN 1664-462X
Editor: Frontiers Media SA
DOI: 10.3389/FPLS.2024.1523745

Phenolic Content and Phenolic Acid Composition of Einkorn and Emmer Ancient Wheat Cultivars—Investigation of the Effects of Various Factors

Autores: Gyöngyi Györéné Kis; Szilvia Bencze; Péter Mikó; Magdaléna Lacko-Bartošová; Nuri Nurlaila Setiawan; Andrea Lugasi; Dóra Drexler
Publicado en: Agriculture, 2025, ISSN 2077-0472
Editor: MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/AGRICULTURE15090985

Trends in Use of Crop Cultivars from Organic and Conventional Seed Multiplication: Moving Toward 100% Organic Seed Use in German Organic Agriculture

Autores: Freya Schäfer, Babette Reusch, Andreas Gattinger
Publicado en: Organic Farming, Edición 10, 2024, ISSN 2297-6485
Editor: Acadlore Publishing Services Limited
DOI: 10.56578/OF100103