To develop the new 3D ICI numerical capability, MUSIC-haic benefits from many important existing building blocks:
o Physical models: HAIC sub-project 6, which was devoted to models and tools development, made significant progress in the understanding of physical phenomena controlling ice crystal icing and led to the creation of a first generation of ICI models. All these models were implemented in 2D numerical research tools for the purpose of empirical constant calibration and first level validation.
o ICI physics experimental database: To support the development of ICI models, extensive experimental activities were performed within the HAIC project and in parallel, in the scope of North American projects, by the CNRC and NASA. These complementary experimental investigations allowed a large database to be created.
o ICI industrial database: HAIC-HIWC flight tests permitted the characterization of high altitude ice crystals properties and the collection of data for quantifying probe installation effects. Within the HAIC project, ICI tests with a Pitot probe were performed as well in the French DGA icing wind tunnel. In parallel, full engine tests (with a Honeywell ALF 502 turbofan engine) were performed in NASA’s large IWT (Propulsion Systems Laboratory - PSL).
Since the beginning of the project, significant progress beyond the state of the art has been made. First of all, the new experimental databases concerning the accretion and impact phenomena constitute major advances compared to the state of the art. Moreover, the experiments concerning the initiation of the accretion phenomenon and the coupling between ice accretion and thermal conduction in the wall in the presence of a heat source have allowed important progress in the understanding of these phenomena. Concerning the development of new models, the most important achievements are the development of new fragmentation and erosion models with a less empirical basis than the HAIC models, as well as the development of an extension of the classical Messinger model that takes into account both unsteady effects and the coupling with heat conduction in the wall and inside the ice layer. Last but not least, all partners have performed in parallel the necessary developments in their internal 3D multidisciplinary numerical tools, in order to prepare the implementation of the new ICI models.
In terms of potential impact of the project, the new ICI numerical capability will provide the European aeronautical industry with a tool to de-risk and optimize the design of new engines with breakthrough architecture, the efficiency of probes and their location on the nose and fuselage of aircraft, and to reduce the cost and duration of certification.
