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Contenido archivado el 2024-04-16

Study of parasitic and infectious (bacterial and viral) diseases in sea bream (sparus aurata) and Medit.sea bass (Dicentrarchus lab. reared in the Medit. environm. : survey, epidemiology and control

Objetivo

In view of the known importance of bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases in fish culture, and the growing development of sea bass and sea bream culture in the Mediterranean, the proposed research project intends to study the occurrence, epidemiology and prevention of these diseases through:

Identification of important pathogens by detailed monitoring of several Mediterranean farm types in Spain, France and Italy.
Standardization of methodologies for the rapid diagnosis of pathogens.
Search for prevention and control measures in order to reduce the incidence and effects of the known diseases (mainly vibriosis, viral erythrocytic necrosis, myxosporidiosis), and those that appear during the survey.
A study was made of the occurrence, epidemiology and prevention of bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases in sea bass and sea bream culture.

Bacterial problems most frequently detected in cultured sea bass and gilthead sea bream were caused by Vibroenaceae representatives.
Outbreaks of pasteurellosis caused by Pasteurella piscicida also appeared. Other important bacterial pathogens determined include Aeromonas, Pseudomonas Mixobacteria and Edwarsiella.
A taxonomical study of the Vibrionaceae showed that Vibrio anquillarum was the species most frequently isolated.
A specific probe for V anquillarum detection has been identified and vaccination trials involving 3 heat inactivated vaccines demonstrated the possibility of actively immunizing sea bass with a divalent vaccine.

The following 3 viral infections were detected in the survey: a viral erythrocytic infection (VEI) and a picorna like virus infection in sea bass; and lymphocystis disease in gilthead sea bream.
Prevalence of VEI in sea bass, based on presumptive diagnosis was about 20% in Spain and 25 to 40% in Italy. Outbreaks of encephalitis were detected in sea bass cultures of South of France and Tunesia with 100% mortality in larvae and juveniles and up to 50% in adult fish.
Outbreaks of lymphocystis with the typical lesions of the disease, were observed in sea breams from Italy, France and Spain (prevalence about 3%). In the parasitological survey of several culture systems, 24 parasitic species were identified in sea bass and 18 parasitic species in gilthead sea bream. A new genus of Myxosporea and 4 new species have been described.
A study was made of ectoparastic and endoparasitic protozoans as well as the population dynamics of Ceratomyxa, Sphaerospora and Diplectanum species in Spanish sea bass.
Epidemiological data have been obtained from natural populations of Furnestinia echeveis and Spararicotyle crysophrii in gilthead sea bream and a theoretical mathematical model has been elaborated for the system sea bass monogeneans.
The project will be carried out through several phases:

Preparation of a preliminary report identifying the major pathologies constraining the development of sea bass and sea bream cultivation.

Identification of the pathogens involved in the diseases detected in the survey. Bacteriological, virological and parasitological analysis will be carried out on the pathological samples.

Improvement of the knowledge concerning Vibriosis by the study of the different strains. Vaccination test will be performed once the most prevalent and damaging strains are defined.

Study of Viral Erythrocytic Necrosis

Study of other virus such as lymphocystis of sea bream and Encephalomalasia virus of sea bass.

Study of the most relevant parasitosis.

Analysis of the data.

Ámbito científico (EuroSciVoc)

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Coordinador

Consejo Superior de Investigacions Cientificas (CSIC)
Aportación de la UE
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Dirección
Ribera de Cabanes
12595 Torre de la Sal (Castellon)
España

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Participantes (5)

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