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Nest building in birds: cognitive, neural and molecular basis of an overlooked behaviour

Descrizione del progetto

Il ruolo del cervelletto nella costruzione di nidi da parte degli uccelli

La costruzione di nidi da parte degli uccelli non è un fenomeno istintivo, ma appreso tramite il processo di costruzione. Nelle specie di uccelli, l’aumentare della complessità dei nidi va di pari passo con il grado di ripiegamento della regione del cervelletto del cervello. Il progetto NEURONESt, finanziato dall’UE, verificherà se tale attivazione del cervelletto sia collegata ad aspetti cognitivi della costruzione di nidi, quali la pianificazione o la risoluzione di problemi, e/o se si tratta di una componente puramente manipolativa. La costruzione di nidi è inoltre un comportamento chiave per la riproduzione e la forma fisica degli uccelli. Pertanto, saranno condotti alcuni esperimenti per stabilire il coinvolgimento di steroidi sessuali, dei loro recettori ed effettori tradizionali in tale attività, impiegando una combinazione di biologia molecolare, studi di geni immediati precoci e manipolazione sperimentale dei livelli di ormoni sessuali.

Obiettivo

Bird nests may be the most familiar of the animal-made objects, but still we don't know much about how birds actually make them. Using zebra finches as a model system, Healy and Meddle have overturned the folk wisdom that bird nests are the results of an instinctive behaviour, showing that birds learn about the physical nature of the world when building. Using the immediate early gene (IEG) c-Fos, a marker of neuronal activity, they have also begun to identify the key neuronal structures active during nest building (NB), including among others the cerebellum (CB). Interestingly, across bird species, as the complexity of the nest increases so does the degree of folding of the CB, a brain region traditionally associated with motor control, but more recently with cognition. In the first part of the project, I will thus test whether this reported pattern of cerebellar activation relates to cognitive aspects of NB (such as planning or problem solving) and/or to a purely manipulative component. In addition of being a building activity, NB is also a key behaviour for birds' reproduction and fitness. Interestingly, most of the brain areas involved during NB are sex-steroid sensitive. I will thus determine in a second experiment whether and how sex hormones play a role in NB, as they do for so many other behaviours. To do this I will test the involvement of sex steroids, their receptors and traditional effectors in NB, using a combination of molecular biology, IEG studies and experimental manipulation of sex hormone levels. This work will lead to the first major synthesis of the cognitive, neurobiological and molecular mechanisms underlying NB by birds. It will also provide significant insights into the neural bases of other building behaviours, such as tool manufacture, and will open new avenues of research about the role(s) environmental pollutants acting as endocrine disruptors play on brain functioning, and how they interfere with birds’ reproduction and fitness.

Coordinatore

THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS
Contribution nette de l'UE
€ 212 933,76
Indirizzo
NORTH STREET 66 COLLEGE GATE
KY16 9AJ St Andrews
Regno Unito

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Regione
Scotland Eastern Scotland Clackmannanshire and Fife
Tipo di attività
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
Collegamenti
Costo totale
€ 212 933,76