Delivering the next generation of open Integrated Assessment MOdels for Net-zero, sustainable Development

Project Information

DIAMOND

Grant agreement ID: 101081179

DOI

10.3030/101081179

EC signature date 4 October 2022

Start date 1 December 2022

End date 30 November 2026

Funded under

• Climate, Energy and Mobility

Total cost

€ 3 850 922,50

EU contribution

€ 3 850 922,50

Coordinated by

EREVNITIKO PANEPISTIMIAKO INSTITOUTO SYSTIMATON EPIKOINONION KAI YPOLOGISTON
Greece

Periodic Reporting for period 2 - DIAMOND (Delivering the next generation of open Integrated Assessment MOdels for Net-zero, sustainable Development)

Reporting period: 2024-06-01 to 2025-11-30

Summary of the context and overall objectives of the project

Research in support of climate mitigation policy is heavily underpinned by integrated assessment models (IAMs), which despite significant improvements face several criticisms on their design and use (in terms of spatial resolution, cross-sectoral interactions, detailed demand-side measures, societal transformations, policies, disruptive events, financial sector and labour markets, and SDG coverage, opaqueness/transparency and legitimacy). In this context, To contribute to the development of the next generation of IAMs that are fully open and sufficiently equipped to support an accelerated transition towards circular, resilient, desirable, and sustainable climate neutrality, DIAMOND has six objectives:
O1. Produce iteratively updated, upgraded, open-source versions of six leading IAMs
O2. Further enhance their capabilities through fully fledged multi-model integrated frameworks and systematic interdisciplinary interactions with other tools and disciplines
O3. Enable the systematic evaluation of interactions among climate change mitigation, adaptation, risks, physical impacts
O4. Validate the capacity of these IAMs to support climate and other development policies at all scales and substantially contribute to international scientific assessments with an expanded scenario space
O5. Transparently open IAM enhancements and increase their usability and relevance via capacity development and communities of practice
O6. Develop a transdisciplinary scientific approach to co-create the research questions, legitimise the implementation process and model development, and optimise the communication of project results

Work performed from the beginning of the project to the end of the period covered by the report and main results achieved so far

(a) CODESIGN
Operationalisation of the co-design process from groundwork to active stakeholder and citizen engagement
Finalisation of the updated multi-layered stakeholder engagement strategy
Organisation of 8 multi-stakeholder discussion groups, resulting in the co-creation of 41 stakeholder-informed research questions
Organisation of 2 strategic foresight workshops with stakeholders and 2 ethical foresight workshops with citizens, and synthesis of priorities

(b) UPDATE AND UPGRADE
Update and implementation of the model development strategy for all 6 IAMs, integrating stakeholder insights
Final release of CLEWs-EU (aggregated and disaggregated) on GitHub, including online documentation
Final release of NEMESIS-World on GitHub, including online documentation
Release of first stable versions of the remaining 4 IAMs on GitHub

(c) INTEGRATE AND EXPAND
Finalisation of the ENGAGE model with enhanced representation of steel, aluminium, cement, and circular economy strategies
Refinement of the MAgPIE framework with a dietary risk module and representation of production costs and nature-based solutions
Development of a household heterogeneity database with detailed income and consumption data across 109 variables
Development of the METEOR v1.5 spatial, time-evolving climate emulator
Finalised literature reviews and specification of stylised modules for finance, labour, and final goods markets
Extension of a psychological framework for EV adoption
Integration of the electricity system module openTEPES with OMNIA, GCAM-Europe, and OPEN-PROM
Work on cross-module links with the 6 IAMs

(d) APPLY AND EXPLORE
Support for elicitation of stakeholder-informed research questions under “Codesign” and preparation for full implementation through scenario protocols
Mapping of SDG indicators to new modelling capacities
Development of the first version of the novel scenario space

(e) OPEN
Update of the machine-actionable data management plan, including 41 publications, 15 datasets, surveys, and deliverables, aligned with FAIR and TRUST principles
Active maintenance of Zenodo and GitHub repositories
Public availability of all six IAMs (2 final, 4 first versions) on GitHub under open licenses
Collection and implementation of 18 software engineering best practices
Development of an open science and diagnostics framework, including tools for validation, (global and regional) vetting, and diagnostics
Engagement with the wider modelling community through 35 joint publications and 33 joint conference presentations
Organisation of 2 webinars on stakeholder participation and scenario development hosted on YouTube

Progress beyond the state of the art and expected potential impact (including the socio-economic impact and the wider societal implications of the project so far)

O1:
2 reports on model development strategy and progress
2 final models (CLEWs-EU, NEMESIS-World) and release of 4 first versions
2 conference posters (TIMES-GEO, OMNIA)
1 paper/1 poster on GCAM-Europe v7.2
1 CLEWs conference (EGU2026 abstract on CLEWs-EU submitted)
1 conference on spatial granularity in GEMINI-E3-EU

O2:
Final versions of ENGAGE, MAgPIE, household heterogeneity database, and behavioural module
Progress on FLFG and electricity system modules, including IAM links
Mapping of SDG indicators in the IAM PARIS Platform
3 papers/2 conferences on monetary policy, cost of capital, and market impacts
2 papers on behavioural climate policy (choice architecture, demand-side measures)
1 conference on regional ETS-2 impacts with improved heterogeneity
1 paper/1 poster on health impacts of household air pollution using IAMs
2 papers/3 conferences on SDG projection and optimisation beyond least-cost approaches
2 conferences on city-level climate action modelling
1 paper on technical and conceptual challenges of model linking
1 framework for multidimensional mitigation scenario assessment

O3:
Final METEOR v1.5 and coupling pipeline with IAMs
First version of a novel scenario definition space
Link between MAgPIE and OMNIA/OPEN-PROM for bioenergy, land use, and GHG price analysis
1 paper/1 poster on METEOR; 1 paper on reduced-complexity models
1 paper/2 conferences on damage functions; 1 conference on fire-emission feedbacks
1 paper on a framework for disruptive events

O4:
Technical validation, vetting, and diagnostics routines
Baseline scenario protocol based on updated NDCs and NECPs
Translation of stakeholder research questions into scenario protocols
1 paper/2 conferences on EU NECP scenarios with GCAM-Europe
1 paper/2 conferences on health impacts of updated NECPs
1 paper on income inequality and energy/food access
3 papers on geopolitics of the energy transition and COVID-19
2 papers on transparency and influence in IPCC processes

O5:
3 reports on open data, open science, and open model development
Public release of 2 final and 4 first stable IAM versions
2 stakeholder-engagement and scenario webinars
Application Library and AI-based IAM PARIS Chatbot established
Participation in 4 core conferences (IAMC, ECEMP, EGU, EAERE) and related communities
1 paper/2 conferences on open science in IAMs
4 papers on open tools developed

O6:
8 multi-stakeholder discussion groups and 4 foresight workshops
3 reports on stakeholder insights
Updated stakeholder engagement and CDE strategies
20 newsletters and press releases
8 conferences on transdisciplinarity and IAMs
1 paper/2 conferences on a group decision-making webtool
1 special issue on stakeholder-driven scenarios
2 papers on AI’s role in the IPCC

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