The four dimensions of flight A novel aviation strategy based on the concept of four-dimension (4D) contract guidance will enable aircraft to navigate more efficiently. Helping to improve air navigation significantly, this will enhance safety and reduce costs. Digital Economy © Thinkstock Commercial aviation has revolutionised transport in the last century, and experts concur that for aviation to be sustainable it requires a much more automated air transport system (ATS). As part of the solution, aviation authorities have envisioned the 4D contract concept, which can solve current challenges of aircraft trajectory prediction and enhance safety. This visionary strategy binds aircraft to remain inside their assigned 4D volume, as defined by a predetermined contract, although the idea still requires more research and development. The EU-funded project '4 Dimension contracts - guidance and control' (4DCO-GC) is investigating 4D contract guidance and control of the aircraft to improve management of airspace and render it more environmentally efficient. It is creating the necessary software and tools to define, model and perfect 4D contract concepts. The project team is performing real-time assessments of 4D contract concepts and related operations using a simulator to outline recommendations and standards for a future 4D transport system. Already, the project team has worked on refining the 4D contract concept by defining the required trajectory and margins around the aircraft. It has also developed the simulation infrastructure and modules in line with airline departure and arrival airports and times. Each module deals with specific topics such as conflict resolution, departure/arrival optimisation, ground aircraft planning and contract compliance monitoring. In addition, the project team has conducted the first simulation exercise to assess compatibility of modules and evaluate the software. The simulation helped clarify the 4D contract concept to external audiences and obtained feedback on the approach, helping refine cutting-edge ideas to improve global air traffic and aircraft guidance. 4DCO-GC has effectively advanced the definition of multiple systems to enable more automated operation of the aircraft, from collision avoidance to health monitoring. If exploited, the results would increase savings and enhance sustainability thanks to more efficient travel. Last but not least, the 4D contract concept will validate Europe's leadership in air transport and propel the aviation industry to new heights.
