Periodic Reporting for period 2 - ENGIMMONIA (Sustainable technologies for future long distance shipping towards complete decarbonisation)
Okres sprawozdawczy: 2022-11-01 do 2024-04-30
The decarbonisation of shipping is a key step in the global fight against climate change. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has adopted mandatory measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from international shipping. One proposal is ammonia – a potential carbon-free marine fuel. One drawback, however, is the risk of N2O emissions which have a significantly higher Global Warming Potential than the reference CO2. ENGIMMONIA will promote the global introduction of alternative fuels like ammonia and transfer clean energy technologies successfully demonstrated in terrestrial applications, like waste heat recovery and renewables, to the maritime sector. It will explore the benefits of carbon-free fuel for vessel engine application and develop a strategy to mitigate emissions in particular N2O with a suitable exhaust aftertreatment system for engines running on ammonia to ensure a significant reduction potential of greenhouse gases.
ENGIMMONIA will study the benefits of using a carbon-free fuel like ammonia in demonstrator engines, by evaluating the exhaust gas emissions with a strong focus on N2O and by mitigating them with a suitable exhaust after-treatment system. These benefits will be coupled with a number of selected clean energy technologies like: (1) waste heat recovery solutions based on ORC and adsorption chiller for the production of electricity and space cooling respectively, (2) renewables integration on board thanks to the installation of PV composite surface easily installable on vessel structural parts, (3) on board fuel/energy/heat management optimization via real time Energy Management System; towards the creation of ENGIMMONIA polygeneration energy hub.
The plan is to demonstrate technologies at TRL>5 in real scale lab-engines and on board of three vessels: an oil tanker (FAMOUS), a container ship (DANAOS) and a ferry (ANEK) thus proving their replicability on board of different type of vessels.
To guarantee ENGIMMONIA innovations wide acceptance, maritime sector’s key players are involved (C-JOB, MAN, RINA-C etc.) while other are interacting as stakeholders, also supporting IMO and IACS initiatives at policy/regulatory level.
ENGIMMONIA will study the benefits of using a carbon-free fuel like ammonia in demonstrator engines, by evaluating the exhaust gas emissions with a strong focus on N2O and by mitigating them with a suitable exhaust after-treatment system. These benefits will be coupled with a number of selected clean energy technologies like: (1) waste heat recovery solutions based on ORC and adsorption chiller for the production of electricity and space cooling respectively, (2) renewables integration on board thanks to the installation of PV composite surface easily installable on vessel structural parts, (3) on board fuel/energy/heat management optimization via real time Energy Management System; towards the creation of ENGIMMONIA polygeneration energy hub.
The plan is to demonstrate technologies at TRL>5 in real scale lab-engines and on board of three vessels: an oil tanker (FAMOUS), a container ship (DANAOS) and a ferry (ANEK) thus proving their replicability on board of different type of vessels.
To guarantee ENGIMMONIA innovations wide acceptance, maritime sector’s key players are involved (C-JOB, MAN, RINA-C etc.) while other are interacting as stakeholders, also supporting IMO and IACS initiatives at policy/regulatory level.
The project started in May 2021 and reached the end of the second period by the end of April 2024 (M36).
During the period all the Work Packages have started and have advanced according with plans. Some deviations and delays have been noticed.
WP1 is about the overall project management.
The objectives of WP2 are the development of experimentally validated prediction tools needed for designing and optimizing commercial applications of ammonia powered ship engines.
The aim of WP3 is to evaluate the engine out emissions of full-scale engines operating on ammonia fuel. A particular focus has been given on N2O emissions to guarantee the reduction of GHG using non-carbon-based fuel such as ammonia.
The objectives of WP4 are categorized in three pillars: development and evaluation of N2O abatement solution, improvement of existing aftertreatment systems and control strategies (SCR) for the ammonia engine and assessment of overall emission performance.
WP5 provides the basic design for the green technologies to be integrated on board: the ORC system, the adsorption chiller, the PV panels, and the energy management system. The WP is advancing according to plans and no major deviations can be observed.
WP6 deals with the integration of all the technologies on board. The most difficult action here is to coordinate the planned timing of activities with the availability of ships . However, this initial phase of integration (ORC) is proceeding with no major deviations. Respect to the initial selection of demo ships, a different oil tanker has been proposed (Princess Vanya instead of City of Tokyo).
WP7 targets the modelling of the ENGIMMONIA technologies, enabling their techno-economic evaluation, environmental and market assessment as well as scale-up feasibility.
WP8 is about the investigation of non-technical aspects. Monitoring of IMO and EC target group activities is carried out constantly and an in-depth analysis was carried out focusing on Regulatory framework, Classification requirements, Certification schemes for marine equipment and Test procedures, supplemented with interpretation on requirements appliance that came also from the participation to WP5 and WP6 works
WP9 takes care of the dissemination, communication and exploitation of results and has already reached some of its goals, thanks to a well-planned participation/organization of events and the involvement of stakeholders
During the period all the Work Packages have started and have advanced according with plans. Some deviations and delays have been noticed.
WP1 is about the overall project management.
The objectives of WP2 are the development of experimentally validated prediction tools needed for designing and optimizing commercial applications of ammonia powered ship engines.
The aim of WP3 is to evaluate the engine out emissions of full-scale engines operating on ammonia fuel. A particular focus has been given on N2O emissions to guarantee the reduction of GHG using non-carbon-based fuel such as ammonia.
The objectives of WP4 are categorized in three pillars: development and evaluation of N2O abatement solution, improvement of existing aftertreatment systems and control strategies (SCR) for the ammonia engine and assessment of overall emission performance.
WP5 provides the basic design for the green technologies to be integrated on board: the ORC system, the adsorption chiller, the PV panels, and the energy management system. The WP is advancing according to plans and no major deviations can be observed.
WP6 deals with the integration of all the technologies on board. The most difficult action here is to coordinate the planned timing of activities with the availability of ships . However, this initial phase of integration (ORC) is proceeding with no major deviations. Respect to the initial selection of demo ships, a different oil tanker has been proposed (Princess Vanya instead of City of Tokyo).
WP7 targets the modelling of the ENGIMMONIA technologies, enabling their techno-economic evaluation, environmental and market assessment as well as scale-up feasibility.
WP8 is about the investigation of non-technical aspects. Monitoring of IMO and EC target group activities is carried out constantly and an in-depth analysis was carried out focusing on Regulatory framework, Classification requirements, Certification schemes for marine equipment and Test procedures, supplemented with interpretation on requirements appliance that came also from the participation to WP5 and WP6 works
WP9 takes care of the dissemination, communication and exploitation of results and has already reached some of its goals, thanks to a well-planned participation/organization of events and the involvement of stakeholders
• WP2: the main results in this reporting period are the fulfilment of spray experiments, CFD for combustion modeling and reduced kinetic mechanism of ammonia/n-heptane combustion. During the reporting period the overall engine modeling to be performed by MAN has started.
• WP3: set-up of the real scale testing phase. A CFR engine was setup to run the ammonia engine experiments at DTU. At MAN a 2-stroke engine was reconfigured for ammonia operation. The engine was operated over a wide range of parameters and operating conditions. Results were obtained with a particular focus on emissions.
• WP4: thorough literature review on active materials for N2O abatement, preliminary testing of a first set of materials for N2O abatement led to the rejection of some candidate materials due to very low conversion efficiency, some particular phenomena that may potentially affect the operation of the exhaust aftertreatment system have been investigated using modelling.
• WP5: the manufacturing and testing at manufacturers’ facilities have been completed for all the clean technologies prototypes. Few delays mainly due to procurement - logistic delays posed by suppliers, specific dry dock intervals, ships’ voyage specifics and restrictions and last but not least change of ownership on one demo vessel. These delays affect the monitoring period but there would be sufficient time to properly demonstrate the effectiveness of the clean energy technologies on board.
• WP6: the ORC module is on board Princess Vanya and its’ integration is almost completed, PV paneles delivered. The PV panels are on-board Zim Kingstone demo vessel vessel, the electrical connection of the PV and their auxiliary equipment is missing. A change of ownership of Elyros demo vessel caused some delays on the integration of the adsorption unit/ fan coil and the PV modules.
• WP7: modelling of the technologies and of the ships’ fuel consumption and emissions, into a complete numerical platform useful for their assessment. Start of the inclusion of the available cost correlations, the interaction of the economic analysis with the already functional technical analysis in the numerical platform. Environmental assessment on-going.
• WP8: monitoring of IMO and EC target group activities has been continuously performed, and IMO and EU regulatory framework for ammonia is not yet available (Guidelines for the safety of ships using ammonia as fuel are not expected before 2024) but some Rules have been issued by Classification Societies.
• WP9: Preparation of newsletters, organization and participation to maritime industry events. Update of the project’s website, social media posts on LinkedIn, collection of stakeholder feedback via a dedicated survey.
• WP3: set-up of the real scale testing phase. A CFR engine was setup to run the ammonia engine experiments at DTU. At MAN a 2-stroke engine was reconfigured for ammonia operation. The engine was operated over a wide range of parameters and operating conditions. Results were obtained with a particular focus on emissions.
• WP4: thorough literature review on active materials for N2O abatement, preliminary testing of a first set of materials for N2O abatement led to the rejection of some candidate materials due to very low conversion efficiency, some particular phenomena that may potentially affect the operation of the exhaust aftertreatment system have been investigated using modelling.
• WP5: the manufacturing and testing at manufacturers’ facilities have been completed for all the clean technologies prototypes. Few delays mainly due to procurement - logistic delays posed by suppliers, specific dry dock intervals, ships’ voyage specifics and restrictions and last but not least change of ownership on one demo vessel. These delays affect the monitoring period but there would be sufficient time to properly demonstrate the effectiveness of the clean energy technologies on board.
• WP6: the ORC module is on board Princess Vanya and its’ integration is almost completed, PV paneles delivered. The PV panels are on-board Zim Kingstone demo vessel vessel, the electrical connection of the PV and their auxiliary equipment is missing. A change of ownership of Elyros demo vessel caused some delays on the integration of the adsorption unit/ fan coil and the PV modules.
• WP7: modelling of the technologies and of the ships’ fuel consumption and emissions, into a complete numerical platform useful for their assessment. Start of the inclusion of the available cost correlations, the interaction of the economic analysis with the already functional technical analysis in the numerical platform. Environmental assessment on-going.
• WP8: monitoring of IMO and EC target group activities has been continuously performed, and IMO and EU regulatory framework for ammonia is not yet available (Guidelines for the safety of ships using ammonia as fuel are not expected before 2024) but some Rules have been issued by Classification Societies.
• WP9: Preparation of newsletters, organization and participation to maritime industry events. Update of the project’s website, social media posts on LinkedIn, collection of stakeholder feedback via a dedicated survey.